Dacia

Under Slavic influence with Dako-Roman roots

That Romania must have Roman roots, one already suspects at the word 'Romania'. This becomes truly conscious one however, if the conductor of the sleeping car says 'welcome' with 'bunã seara' kindly.

At start of the 2. century, the Dakers were conquered under the king Decebal (87-106) of the Romans. Dakien became under the 165 years ongoing Roman reign romanced. The Dakers learned Latin, Roman structures of administration were introduced and the economy grew.
The Romans had to retreat on reason of unrests and the incipient migration in the year 271. In the 7. century the Slav ousted the Byzantine from the Balkan.

Walachia

The principality Walachia became formed in the middle of the 14. century. A half century later, it already fell under Turkish reign, which continued until in the middle of the 19. century.

From the year 1739, in consequence of the Austrian-Russian-Turkish wars, the 'Little Walachia' (Oltenien) succeeded under Habsburger reign.

90 years later, big parts of the Walachia turned into the Russian protectorate. Consequently, the region stood under Russian, under Turkish and under Austrian influence in the 19. century. In consequence of the Austrian-French-British Guarantee Contract, the principalities Walachia and Moldavia became unified 1859.

Moldavia

The principality Moldavia arose 1359 under Bogdan. The principality became politically and terretorially stabilized in the 40 years following on it. Under Alexandru cel Bun (Alexander the Good) 30 years of the upswing followed.

In the year 1456, the area of Moldavia felt under Turkish sovereignty. The fight against the Turks continued however. Also in this time, the Moldaviacloisters originated as signs of the gratitude for won slaughters against the Ottomans. Just middle of the 16. century, was the fight finally lost.

Since the year 1775 the North Moldavia is named Bukowina. At that time, this area became Austrian crown-land. In consequence of the Austrian-French-British Guarantee Contract, the principalities Walachia and Moldavia became unified 1859.

After the World War II lost Romania the north of the Bucovina to the Soviet Union. Since then, exists the 'Moldavian Socialistic Soviet Republic', the present-day Moldavia.

Transylvania (Siebenbürgen)

In the year 1004 the Hungarian king Stefan The Saint conquered the area 'behind the woods' which was populated by Dakers. Hungary promoted not only the settlement of Szeklern but also from German, the Seven-Citizen Saxony. They were granted free country, were directly subordinate to the Hungarian King. In the state parliament of the Seven-Citizen, Germans, Szekler and Hungaries were represented, but no Daker. Transylvania was one of the first democracies in Europe!

In the 12. and 13. century the farmercastles occurred. They offered protection opposite the Turks and were equipped with grainchambers. Further the villagechurches became widen to defensechurches with defensecorridors, defensetowers, embrasures and storerooms.

In the 16. and 17. century Transylvania stood under Turkish sovereignty and thanks to its relative autonomy experienced upswing of economy and culture. In the year 1699, Transylvania became affiliated to the Habsburger empire and somewhat later, 1718 the Banat. From then on came the Banater Swabia, Sathmar Swabia, German-Bohemian, Zipser Saxony and Landlers as well as other German people-groups to Transylvania.

For the reason of a decision of the Romanian ethnic group in the year 1918, Transylvania subscribed to the Romanian state.

Dobruja

In the 7. and 6. century B.C. Greek settlers established the colony Histria. The Greeks delivered goods like wine, oil, ceramics and jewelry to the Geto-Dakers. On the other side the Dakers had grain, animals, honey and wax for trade.

Between the first century and start of the 7. century, the Dobruja was under Roman reign.

Later the Awaren and Slav populated the country.

From 1389 to 1878, it was under Ottoman sovereignty. Since then, the North-Dobruja is part of Romania. The South-Dobruja only was part of Romania between the Balkan War II (1913) and the end of the World War II (1945) and then became Bulgarian.

Romania

Kingdom Romania

Just 1862, therefore 3 years after the union of the principalities Walachia and Moldavia, originated the principality Romania. After Russia won the war against the Turks, 1878 Romania acquired its independence.

In the year 1881, Romania became to the kingdom and under Carol I., the country experienced an economic and social prime.

After the World War I became Transylvania (until now Hungary), the Bukowina (until now Austrian crownland) and Bessarabien (until now Russia) affiliated to Romania.

At the September 6., 1940 became Romania to the fascist state after decrees were enacted against Jews and Gypsies and the kingdictatorship was introduced 1938.

People's Republic Romania

In the year 1947 became Romania to the People's Republic which was already occupied since 1944 of the Red Army. In the following years, the industry and the trade were nationalized, agricultural cooperative were erected and the political opposition got prohibited.

Culture

Cuisine

The meal is generally very palatable. I think, Romania's cuisine is therefore interestingly, because the ingredients of many national dishes seem usually, from the making as well as the combination of the ingredients however often originally and new.

Composer

Paul CONSTANTINESCU (13.7.1909 - 20.12.1963) Grigoras DINICU (3.4.1889 - 28.3.1949)
Emanuel ELENESCU (1911) Georges ENESCU (19.8.1881 - 4.5.1955)
Iosif IVANOVICI (1845 - 29.9.1902)    
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